The Dark Side Of The Semiconductor Design Renaissance – Fixed Costs Soaring Due To Photomask Sets, Verification, and Validation - https://semianalysis.substack.com/p/the-dark-side-of-the-semiconductor Interesting. I have heard some vague estimations about US$100m per hardware startup or US$500m for a chip with a leading edge process, but this article provides some more meat. #hardware 1.3K viewsAlexander, 05:56